Basalt Formations: Geological structures composed of basalt rock, which can be suitable for CO₂ storage due to their ability to react with CO₂, facilitating mineralization and long-term sequestration.

Brine: A high-salinity water solution often found in geological formations, which can influence CO₂ storage capacity and behavior, as well as impact the integrity of storage sites.

Capillary Trapping: A mechanism that helps retain CO₂ in geological formations by utilizing the surface tension of fluids, preventing CO₂ from migrating through pore spaces in the rock.

Caprock: An impermeable layer of rock that traps CO₂ in geological formations, preventing its escape to the atmosphere and ensuring the integrity of storage sites.

Carbon Clusters: Geographic concentrations of interconnected businesses and facilities that collectively engage in carbon capture, utilization, and storage, enhancing efficiency and reducing costs through shared infrastructure.

Carbon Hubs: Central facilities that collect CO₂ from multiple sources within a specific area, facilitating shared transport and storage infrastructure to optimize carbon capture efforts.

Carbon Sequestration: The process of capturing and storing atmospheric CO₂ in geological formations, oceans, or terrestrial ecosystems to mitigate climate change and reduce greenhouse gas concentrations.

Carbon Storage: The long-term containment of captured CO₂ in geological formations, ensuring it remains securely stored to prevent atmospheric release and contribute to climate change mitigation.

CO₂ Compression: The process of increasing the pressure of captured CO₂ to convert it into a liquid or supercritical state, facilitating efficient transport and storage in geological formations.

CO₂ Density: The mass of CO₂ per unit volume, which influences its transport and storage characteristics, including how it behaves under pressure and its ability to remain trapped in geological formations.

CO₂ Pipelines: Pipelines specifically designed to transport captured carbon dioxide (CO₂) from emission sources to storage sites, ensuring safe and efficient movement under high pressure and controlled conditions.

CO₂ Purity: The concentration of CO₂ in a captured gas stream, which affects its suitability for transport and storage; higher purity levels are generally preferred to minimize impurities that could impact storage.

CO₂ Source: Any facility or process that emits CO₂, such as power plants, industrial operations, or natural gas processing, which can be targeted for carbon capture efforts.

CO₂ Transport: The process of moving captured carbon dioxide from its source, such as industrial facilities, to storage locations, utilizing various methods like pipelines, ships, or rail, while considering cost and safety.

CO₂ Utilization: The process of converting captured CO₂ into useful products, such as fuels, chemicals, or building materials, providing economic incentives for carbon capture and reducing overall emissions.

Collaboration: The act of working together among various stakeholders, including governments, industries, and research institutions, to advance carbon capture and storage technologies and share knowledge.

Compression: The process of increasing the pressure of CO₂ to facilitate its transport and storage, often necessary to convert it into a liquid or supercritical state.

Compression Station: A facility equipped with compressors that increase the pressure of CO₂ for efficient transport through pipelines to storage sites.

Corrosion Management: Strategies and practices implemented to prevent or mitigate the corrosion of materials in contact with CO₂, particularly in pipelines and storage facilities.

Dense Phase CO₂: CO₂ that is in a liquid or supercritical state, characterized by high density, which allows for more efficient transport and storage in geological formations.

Depleted Oil And Gas Reservoirs: Former oil and gas fields that have been exhausted of their resources and can be repurposed for CO₂ storage due to their geological characteristics.

Economic Viability: The assessment of the financial feasibility of carbon capture and storage projects, evaluating costs against potential revenues, including carbon credits and savings from emissions reductions.

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR): A method of extracting additional oil from reservoirs by injecting CO₂, which not only increases oil recovery but also facilitates CO₂ storage.

Environmental Impact Assessment: A systematic evaluation of the potential environmental effects of a proposed carbon capture and storage project, including impacts on air, water, and land, ensuring compliance with regulations and public safety.

Flow Assurance: The management of the flow of CO₂ through pipelines and storage systems to ensure efficient transport and prevent blockages or leaks.

Geological Storage: The long-term containment of CO₂ in underground geological formations, such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs or saline aquifers, to prevent atmospheric release.

Industrial Clusters: Geographic concentrations of interconnected industries that collaborate on carbon capture and storage initiatives, enhancing efficiency and reducing costs.

Infrastructure: The physical facilities and systems necessary for carbon capture, transport, and storage, including pipelines, storage sites, and processing plants, which support the entire carbon management process.

Injection: The process of introducing captured CO₂ into geological formations for long-term storage, typically involving high-pressure systems to ensure the gas remains in a supercritical state for effective containment.

Injection Pressure: The pressure at which CO₂ is injected into geological formations, which must be carefully managed to ensure effective storage and prevent leakage.

Injection Well: A specialized well used to inject captured CO₂ into underground reservoirs, designed to withstand high pressures and prevent leakage, ensuring safe and effective long-term storage of carbon dioxide.

Injectivity: The ability of a geological formation to accept and store injected CO₂, influenced by rock properties, fluid dynamics, and pressure conditions.

Intermediate Storage Hub: A facility that temporarily stores captured CO₂ before it is transported to a final storage site, helping to manage logistics and optimize transport efficiency.

Leakage: The unintended escape of stored CO₂ from geological formations into the atmosphere or groundwater, which poses environmental risks and undermines the effectiveness of carbon storage efforts.

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA): A comprehensive evaluation of the environmental impacts of a carbon capture and storage project throughout its entire life cycle, from raw material extraction to end-of-life, helping to identify sustainability opportunities.

Local Economic Development: The process of enhancing the economic well-being of a community through initiatives related to carbon capture and storage, including job creation and infrastructure investment.

Long-Term Liability: The responsibility for the management and monitoring of CO₂ storage sites over extended periods, including potential risks and environmental impacts.

Long-Term Stewardship: The ongoing management and monitoring of CO₂ storage sites to ensure safety and environmental protection over extended periods, often involving regulatory compliance and community engagement.

Mineral Trapping: A process by which CO₂ reacts with minerals in geological formations to form stable carbonates, providing a long-term storage solution by permanently locking away CO₂.

Monitoring: The continuous observation and assessment of CO₂ storage sites to detect any changes or potential issues, ensuring the integrity of the storage and compliance with environmental regulations.

Northern Lights Project: A carbon capture and storage initiative in Norway aimed at developing a hub for CO₂ storage, facilitating the transport and storage of CO₂ from various sources.

Offshore Transport: The transportation of captured CO₂ via ships or pipelines from land-based sources to offshore storage sites, often involving specialized vessels designed to handle high-pressure CO₂ safely.

Onshore Transport: The movement of captured CO₂ from emission sources to onshore storage sites using pipelines, trucks, or rail, focusing on efficiency and safety in the transportation process.

Permeability: A measure of the ability of geological formations to allow fluids, such as CO₂, to flow through them, which is critical for effective storage.

Phase Behavior: The study of how CO₂ behaves under different temperature and pressure conditions, influencing its state (gas, liquid, or supercritical) during transport and storage.

Pipeline Integrity: The assurance that pipelines used for CO₂ transport are structurally sound and free from defects or leaks, ensuring safe and efficient operation.

Pipeline Transportation: The method of transporting CO₂ through pipelines, which is the most common and efficient means of moving CO₂ from capture sites to storage locations.

Plume Migration: The movement of CO₂ within geological formations after injection, which is monitored to ensure that it remains contained and does not leak to the surface.

Point Source Capture: The process of capturing CO₂ emissions directly from a specific source, such as a power plant or industrial facility, before it enters the atmosphere, facilitating easier transport and storage.

Point Source Emissions: CO₂ emissions that are released from a specific, identifiable source, which can be targeted for capture and reduction efforts.

Porosity: The measure of void spaces in a material, such as rock, which affects its ability to store fluids like CO₂; higher porosity generally allows for greater storage capacity.

Pressure Management: The control of pressure conditions during CO₂ injection and storage to ensure safety, efficiency, and the integrity of geological formations.

Public Acceptance: The level of community support for carbon capture and storage projects, influenced by perceived benefits, environmental concerns, and trust in regulatory processes, essential for project success.

Rail Transport: The use of trains to transport captured CO₂ to storage sites, offering a potentially efficient and lower-emission alternative to road transport, especially for large volumes over long distances.

Regulatory Framework: The set of laws, regulations, and guidelines governing carbon capture and storage activities, ensuring safety, environmental protection, and compliance with national and international standards.

Repurposing Infrastructure: The adaptation of existing infrastructure, such as pipelines or facilities, for use in carbon capture and storage, reducing costs and environmental impact.

Reservoir Capacity: The maximum amount of CO₂ that a geological formation can safely store, determined by factors such as rock properties, pressure, and the presence of impermeable layers to prevent leakage.

Reservoir Characterization: The process of assessing and understanding the properties and behavior of geological formations to determine their suitability for CO₂ storage.

Risk Management: The systematic approach to identifying, assessing, and mitigating potential risks associated with carbon capture and storage projects, ensuring safety and compliance with environmental standards.

Rock Mineralization: The process by which CO₂ reacts with minerals in geological formations, potentially enhancing storage capacity and reducing the risk of leakage.

Saline Aquifer: A type of geological formation that contains salty water and is often used for CO₂ storage due to its capacity and sealing properties.

Seal Integrity: The ability of geological formations to prevent the escape of CO₂ from storage sites, ensuring long-term containment and safety.

Seismic Imaging: A geophysical technique used to visualize subsurface geological structures, aiding in the assessment of potential CO₂ storage sites.

Seismic Monitoring: The continuous observation of seismic activity in and around CO₂ storage sites to detect any changes that may indicate leakage or other issues.

Shared Costs: The distribution of financial responsibilities among multiple stakeholders involved in carbon capture and storage projects, promoting collaboration.

Shared Infrastructure: The use of common facilities or systems by multiple projects or entities to reduce costs and improve efficiency in carbon capture and storage.

Ship Transportation: The movement of CO₂ via ships to storage sites, which can be a viable option for regions without direct pipeline access.

Site Characterization: The process of assessing and analyzing geological and environmental conditions at a potential CO₂ storage site, including rock properties, fluid dynamics, and potential risks to ensure safe and effective storage.

Solubility Trapping: A mechanism of CO₂ storage where CO₂ dissolves in the formation water, reducing the risk of leakage and enhancing long-term storage.

Storage Capacity Assessment: The evaluation of a geological formation's ability to store CO₂, considering factors such as porosity, permeability, and seal integrity.

Structural Trapping: A method of CO₂ storage where the gas is trapped by geological structures, such as faults or folds, preventing its escape.

Supercritical CO₂: A state of CO₂ that occurs at high pressure and temperature, where it exhibits properties of both gas and liquid, making it suitable for efficient storage.

Tanker Transport: The transportation of captured CO₂ using specialized ships designed to carry liquefied gases, enabling efficient movement over long distances, particularly for offshore storage sites.

Verification: The process of confirming that carbon capture and storage projects are operating as intended, including monitoring emissions reductions and ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements.